Red Fort
लाल क़िला
The Red Fort, also known as Lal Qila, is a historic fortification in Old Delhi that served as the main residence of the Mughal emperors. Built by Emperor Shah Jahan in 1648, it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and symbolizes India's independence with the hoisting of the Indian flag every Independence Day.
Key facts
- Constructed by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan as the imperial palace and capital of his reign, known as Shahjahanabad.
- The fort is enclosed by impressive sandstone walls stretching approximately 2.4 kilometers around the complex.
- The iconic Lahori Gate, the main entrance, served as the ceremonial gateway and is where the Indian flag is hoisted on Independence Day.
- The fortification contains the Diwan-i-Aam, where the emperor addressed common people, and the Diwan-i-Khas, the hall of private audience.
- The fort was damaged and plundered during various invasions, including those by Nadir Shah in 1739 and successive powers.
- Today it stands as a living monument to India's Mughal heritage and continues to be the venue for the Prime Minister's Independence Day address.
Details
The Red Fort covers an area of approximately 254.67 acres within its fortifying walls and represents a remarkable feat of military architecture. The construction involved massive red sandstone blocks quarried from Rajasthan, which give the fort its distinctive name. During its heyday, the fort housed elaborate palaces, gardens, and administrative buildings where the Mughal court functioned. Key structures within the complex include the Rang Mahal (Palace of Colors) with its mirrored ceiling, the Khas Mahal (Private Palace) with its marble inlays, and the hammam (royal baths). The fort also housed the imperial treasury, armory, and barracks for the elite palace guards. Following independence, the Red Fort became a symbol of national pride, and from 1950 onwards, the Prime Minister of India hoisted the national flag at the Lahori Gate on August 15. The Archaeological Survey of India has been responsible for its conservation and restoration. Visitors can explore the complex's numerous chambers, museums, and historical structures that provide insights into Mughal royal life and the cultural heritage of Delhi.