Loktak Lake

Loktak Lake represents a globally unique ecosystem centered on floating islands known as phumdis—organic mats of vegetation, peat, and soil accumulation. These dynamic features rise and fall with seasonal water level fluctuations, supporting distinctive vegetation and wildlife adapted to this ephemeral habitat. The lake's most iconic resident is the Sangai or Manipur brow-antlered deer, found exclusively on Loktak's phumdis, making the lake critical for this highly endangered endemic species. The floating islands support diverse wetland vegetation including grasses and herbaceous plants providing grazing for the Sangai and nesting habitat for migratory birds. Loktak sustains human communities through fishing, with traditional fisherfolk nets capturing fish populations dependent on the lake's rich aquatic productivity. The lake's cultural significance manifests in Manipuri literature, art, and religious practices. Contemporary threats include invasive water hyacinth choking phumdis, wetland conversion for agriculture, and hydrological changes from upstream dams. Conservation priorities focus on protecting Sangai habitat, controlling invasive species, maintaining water quality, and supporting local communities dependent on the lake.