Andaman Islands
अंडमान द्वीप
The Andaman Islands are an archipelago of 572 islands in the Bay of Bengal, 1,200 km southeast of mainland India. Known for pristine rainforests, coral reefs, and unique indigenous populations, they form India's only tropical island union territory.
Key facts
- Number of islands: 572 islands (37 inhabited, 535 uninhabited)
- Area: 8,249 km² total land area; largest island group in India
- Location: Bay of Bengal, 1,200 km southeast of mainland India
- Terrain: Hilly, forested islands with coasts of sandy beaches and rocky cliffs
- Highest point: Saddle Peak (738 m) on North Andaman island
- Indigenous people: Home to tribal populations including Jarawa, Sentinelese, Onges
Details
The Andaman Islands represent a biodiversity treasure with one of India's largest contiguous rainforests and unique wildlife found nowhere else on Earth. The islands' isolation has fostered endemic species including the Andaman wild boar, Andaman falcon, and diverse reptiles and insects. The dense tropical forests remain largely undisturbed in protected areas, providing critical habitat for endangered species. The islands host several indigenous tribal populations with distinct languages and cultures, including the Sentinelese who maintain isolation from modern society. The history includes use as British penal colonies; the infamous Cellular Jail detained Indian independence leaders. The islands' strategic location in the Bay of Bengal has military significance, with naval bases providing regional security. Tourism increasingly impacts the delicate ecosystems, while fishing remains economically important. Conservation efforts focus on protecting rainforests, coral reefs, and endangered species while respecting tribal rights and territories.